Shifting gears on a motorcycle is a fundamental skill that every rider must master to ensure a smooth and safe ride. Proper gear shifting not only enhances the performance of the motorcycle but also contributes significantly to rider comfort and control. In this in-depth guide, we will delve into the intricacies of gear shifting, covering everything from the basics of gear operation to advanced techniques for seamless transitions. Whether you're a novice rider looking to learn the ropes or an experienced motorcyclist aiming to refine your technique, this article will provide you with the knowledge and insights you need to become proficient in shifting gears on your motorcycle.
Introduction to motorcycle transmission systems.
Different types of gearboxes: manual, semi-automatic, and automatic.
Components of a motorcycle transmission: clutch, gear shifter, and gears.
How motorcycle gears work: gear ratios and gear engagement.
The importance of gear selection for optimal performance and fuel efficiency.
Location and design of the gear shifter on various types of motorcycles.
Different types of gear shift patterns: standard and reverse shift.
Understanding the gear shift lever and its operation.
Tips for finding the neutral position.
Practicing shifting gears while the motorcycle is stationary.
The role of the clutch in gear shifting.
Understanding the clutch lever and its operation.
Proper clutch engagement and disengagement techniques.
Practicing clutch control to smoothly start and stop the motorcycle.
Tips for coordinating clutch control with throttle input during gear shifts.
Starting in first gear: proper throttle and clutch control.
Upshifting to higher gears: timing and technique.
Downshifting to lower gears: matching engine speed and road speed.
Understanding the concept of rev matching for smoother downshifts.
Practicing gear shifting in various riding conditions: city traffic, highways, and curves.
Quick shifting: minimizing clutch usage for faster gear changes.
Skip shifting: skipping gears for quicker acceleration or deceleration.
Pre-loading the shifter for faster upshifts.
Trail braking and clutchless downshifting for improved cornering control.
Tips for maintaining smooth and precise gear shifts at high speeds.
Common gear shifting problems and their causes: slipping clutch, false neutrals, and gear grinding.
Diagnosing and addressing clutch adjustment and wear issues.
Tips for maintaining a healthy transmission system: regular inspection and maintenance.
Seeking professional help for complex gear-shifting problems.
Importance of signaling intentions before changing lanes or making turns.
Maintaining proper following distance to anticipate gear changes of other vehicles.
Staying alert and focused on the road while shifting gears.
Wearing appropriate riding gear for protection in case of accidents.
Practicing defensive riding techniques to mitigate risks associated with gear-shifting errors.
Chapter 1: Understanding Motorcycle Gears
Introduction to motorcycle transmission systems:
Motorcycle transmission systems are responsible for transferring power from the engine to the rear wheel, enabling the motorcycle to move forward. Unlike cars, which often have manual, automatic, or semi-automatic transmissions, motorcycles typically feature manual transmissions, although some models may incorporate semi-automatic or automatic systems. Manual transmissions are prevalent among motorcycles due to their simplicity, reliability, and direct control they provide to the rider.
Different types of gearboxes: manual, semi-automatic, and automatic:
Manual transmissions, also known as sequential transmissions, require the rider to manually engage and disengage gears using a gear shifter and clutch lever. This type of gearbox offers full control over gear selection, making it ideal for riders who enjoy precise control and engagement with their motorcycle.
Semi-automatic transmissions combine elements of manual and automatic transmissions, allowing riders to shift gears without manually operating a clutch lever. Instead, the system utilizes sensors and actuators to automate clutch engagement, simplifying gear changes while still offering some degree of manual control.
Automatic transmissions, while less common in motorcycles, provide the convenience of automatic gear shifting without the need for manual input from the rider. These systems are typically found in scooters and certain cruiser-style motorcycles, offering a hassle-free riding experience for beginners and casual riders.
Components of a motorcycle transmission: clutch, gear shifter, and gears:
The primary components of a motorcycle transmission include the clutch, gear shifter, and gears. The clutch is responsible for engaging and disengaging the engine's power from the transmission, allowing the rider to change gears smoothly. It consists of a clutch lever, which the rider operates to control clutch engagement, and a clutch assembly, which transfers power from the engine to the transmission.
The gear shifter, also known as the gear lever or shift lever, is used to select different gears by actuating the gear mechanism within the transmission. Depending on the motorcycle's design, the gear shifter may be located on the left or right side of the motorcycle and may feature a standard or reverse shift pattern.
Gears are toothed components within the transmission that mesh together to transmit power from the engine to the rear wheel. Each gear corresponds to a specific gear ratio, which determines the relationship between engine speed and road speed. By shifting gears, riders can optimize engine performance and fuel efficiency across a range of riding conditions.
How motorcycle gears work: gear ratios and gear engagement:
Motorcycle gears work by transmitting power from the engine to the rear wheel through a series of gear ratios. Each gear ratio represents the relationship between the rotational speed of the engine (measured in revolutions per minute or RPM) and the rotational speed of the rear wheel (measured in revolutions per minute or RPM).
In lower gears, such as first and second gear, the gear ratio is higher, meaning the engine rotates more times for each revolution of the rear wheel. This provides greater torque and acceleration, making lower gears ideal for starting from a standstill or climbing steep inclines.
In higher gears, such as fourth and fifth gear, the gear ratio is lower, allowing the engine to rotate fewer times for each revolution of the rear wheel. This results in higher road speed at a given engine RPM, making higher gears suitable for cruising at highway speeds.
The importance of gear selection for optimal performance and fuel efficiency:
The importance of gear selection for optimal performance and fuel efficiency cannot be overstated when it comes to riding a motorcycle. Proper gear selection plays a crucial role in maximizing the motorcycle's performance while minimizing fuel consumption. Here are several key points highlighting the significance of gear selection:
Engine Efficiency: Each gear in a motorcycle's transmission is designed to operate within a specific range of engine RPM (revolutions per minute). By selecting the appropriate gear for the current riding conditions, riders can ensure that the engine operates within its optimal RPM range. Running the engine at higher RPMs than necessary can lead to increased fuel consumption and unnecessary wear on engine components. Conversely, lugging the engine by running it at low RPMs in a higher gear can also reduce fuel efficiency and performance.
Acceleration and Power Delivery: Different gears offer varying levels of torque multiplication, which affects the motorcycle's acceleration and power delivery. Lower gears provide greater torque multiplication, resulting in quicker acceleration from a standstill or during overtaking maneuvers. In contrast, higher gears offer smoother power delivery and better fuel efficiency at cruising speeds. By selecting the appropriate gear based on the desired acceleration or cruising speed, riders can optimize the motorcycle's performance and fuel efficiency.
Riding Conditions: Gear selection should also be tailored to the current riding conditions, such as road surface, traffic density, and terrain. For example, when navigating through heavy traffic or urban environments, using lower gears can make it easier to maneuver and respond quickly to changing traffic conditions. Similarly, when riding on steep inclines or challenging terrain, downshifting to lower gears can provide the necessary torque and control to climb hills or negotiate obstacles safely.
Fuel Efficiency: Operating the motorcycle in the highest practical gear for a given speed and load can significantly improve fuel efficiency. Higher gears allow the engine to operate at lower RPMs, reducing fuel consumption while maintaining a consistent speed. Additionally, avoiding unnecessary gear changes and maintaining a steady throttle position can further enhance fuel efficiency by minimizing fuel wastage during gear transitions.
Rider Comfort and Control: Proper gear selection not only benefits fuel efficiency and performance but also contributes to rider comfort and control. Riding in the appropriate gear ensures smoother power delivery, reducing engine vibration and fatigue during long rides. Moreover, maintaining the correct gear for the current riding conditions enhances stability and control, allowing riders to respond effectively to unexpected hazards or emergencies.
Chapter 2: Getting Familiar with Your Motorcycle's Gear Shifter
Location and design of the gear shifter on various types of motorcycles:
The gear shifter is typically located near the left footpeg and is operated using the left foot. On most motorcycles, it is a lever that protrudes from the left side of the engine casing or transmission housing. The design of the gear shifter may vary depending on the motorcycle's make and model, but it generally consists of a toe piece that can be pressed up or down to engage different gears. Some motorcycles, particularly sportbikes, may feature a "quick shifter" that allows for clutchless upshifts by simply applying pressure to the gear lever.
Different types of gear shift patterns: standard and reverse shift:
Most motorcycles feature a standard shift pattern, where shifting up through the gears involves lifting the gear lever with your left foot (upshift) and pressing it down to shift to lower gears (downshift). In this arrangement, first gear is usually found at the bottom, followed by neutral, then subsequent gears in ascending order. However, some motorcycles, particularly those designed for racing or performance-oriented riding, may utilize a reverse shift pattern. In a reverse shift pattern, the gears are arranged in the opposite sequence, with first gear located at the top and subsequent gears shifting downwards. Riders should familiarize themselves with the shift pattern specific to their motorcycle to ensure smooth and intuitive gear changes.
Understanding the gear shift lever and its operation:
The gear shift lever is a critical component of the motorcycle's transmission system, responsible for engaging and disengaging gears as the rider shifts up or down. To operate the gear shifter, the rider uses their left foot to apply upward or downward pressure on the toe piece of the lever. Upshifting involves lifting the gear lever with the toe to shift to a higher gear, while downshifting requires pressing the lever down to shift to a lower gear. Proper technique and timing are essential for smooth gear changes, avoiding excessive force or abrupt movements that can lead to gear grinding or missed shifts.
Tips for finding the neutral position:
Neutral is a special gear position that disengages the transmission, allowing the motorcycle's engine to idle freely without transmitting power to the rear wheel. Finding neutral can be tricky, especially for beginners, but it's essential for starting the motorcycle or coming to a stop without engaging the clutch. To find neutral, gently tap the gear lever downward from first gear while the motorcycle is stationary. It may take a few attempts to locate neutral, so be patient and use light pressure on the gear lever. Additionally, some motorcycles feature a neutral indicator light on the instrument cluster, which illuminates when the bike is in neutral gear, providing visual confirmation.
Practicing shifting gears while the motorcycle is stationary:
Before hitting the road, it's crucial to practice shifting gears while the motorcycle is stationary to familiarize yourself with the gear shifter's operation and the location of each gear. Find a safe and flat area, such as a parking lot or driveway, to practice shifting up and down through the gears. Focus on developing smooth and precise movements with your left foot, using light pressure on the gear lever to avoid excessive force. Pay attention to the feedback from the transmission and engine to gauge the effectiveness of each gear change. With practice, you'll gain confidence and proficiency in operating the gear shifter, setting the foundation for successful gear shifting while riding.
Chapter 3: Mastering the Clutch Control
The role of the clutch in gear shifting:
The clutch serves as the link between the engine and the transmission, allowing the rider to engage and disengage power transfer as needed during gear changes. When the clutch lever is pulled in, it disengages the engine from the transmission, enabling the rider to shift gears smoothly without causing excessive strain on the drivetrain. Proper clutch control ensures seamless gear changes and prevents stalling or lurching of the motorcycle.
Understanding the clutch lever and its operation:
The clutch lever is typically located on the left handlebar of the motorcycle and is operated using the left hand. Pulling the clutch lever towards the handlebar disengages the clutch, while releasing it gradually engages the clutch, allowing power to transfer from the engine to the transmission. Proper clutch lever adjustment is crucial for comfortable operation, ensuring that riders can reach and engage the clutch lever easily without excessive reach or strain.
Proper clutch engagement and disengagement techniques:
Achieving smooth and precise clutch engagement and disengagement is essential for controlling the motorcycle's power delivery and ensuring smooth gear shifts. When engaging the clutch, riders should apply gradual pressure to the clutch lever, avoiding abrupt movements that can cause jerky starts or stalls. Similarly, when disengaging the clutch, releasing the lever gradually and smoothly allows for seamless power transfer between the engine and transmission.
Practicing clutch control to smoothly start and stop the motorcycle:
Starting and stopping the motorcycle smoothly requires proficient clutch control, especially in traffic or low-speed riding situations. To start the motorcycle from a standstill, pull the clutch lever in fully, select first gear using the gear shifter, and gradually apply throttle while releasing the clutch lever smoothly. As the motorcycle begins to move forward, continue releasing the clutch lever while modulating throttle input to maintain a steady speed. Similarly, when coming to a stop, pull the clutch lever in, downshift to first gear as the motorcycle slows down, and come to a complete stop while holding the clutch in. Practice these maneuvers in a controlled environment to develop confidence and proficiency in clutch control.
Tips for coordinating clutch control with throttle input during gear shifts:
Coordinating clutch control with throttle input is essential for smooth and efficient gear shifts, especially during acceleration or deceleration. When upshifting, smoothly roll off the throttle while pulling in the clutch lever, shift to the next higher gear using the gear shifter, and gradually release the clutch lever while applying throttle to match engine speed with road speed. Conversely, when downshifting, roll off the throttle while pulling in the clutch lever, downshift to the next lower gear, and smoothly release the clutch lever while modulating the throttle input to match engine speed with road speed. Practice this coordination to achieve seamless gear shifts and maintain smooth power delivery throughout the riding experience.
Chapter 4: Shifting Gears: Step-by-Step Guide
Starting in first gear: proper throttle and clutch control
To start moving from a standstill, pull the clutch lever in fully using your left hand while keeping your right hand on the throttle. With the clutch disengaged, select first gear by pressing down on the gear shifter with your left foot. Gradually release the clutch lever while simultaneously applying gentle throttle input with your right hand. As the motorcycle begins to move forward, continue releasing the clutch lever smoothly while modulating throttle input to maintain a steady speed.
Upshifting to higher gears: timing and technique
As you gain speed and the engine's RPM increases, it's time to shift to higher gears to maintain smooth acceleration and optimal engine performance. To upshift, roll off the throttle slightly while pulling in the clutch lever with your left hand. Use your left foot to lift the gear shifter to the next higher gear position. With the gear engaged, gradually release the clutch lever while applying throttle smoothly to match engine speed with road speed. Repeat this process for subsequent upshifts as needed, adjusting your throttle input and clutch control for smooth and seamless gear changes.
Downshifting to lower gears: matching engine speed and road speed
When approaching a stop or encountering a decrease in speed, it's essential to downshift to lower gears to maintain control and prevent stalling. To downshift, roll off the throttle while pulling in the clutch lever with your left hand. Use your left foot to press the gear shifter down to the next lower gear position. As you downshift, blip the throttle slightly to match engine speed with road speed, ensuring smooth engagement of the lower gear. Gradually release the clutch lever while modulating throttle input to maintain control and stability during the downshift. Repeat this process for subsequent downshifts as needed, adjusting your throttle input and clutch control for smooth and controlled deceleration.
Understanding the concept of rev matching for smoother downshifts
Rev matching is a technique used to synchronize engine speed with road speed during downshifts, resulting in smoother and more controlled gear changes. To rev match, roll off the throttle while pulling in the clutch lever with your left hand. Use your left foot to press the gear shifter down to the next lower gear position. As you downshift, blip the throttle slightly to increase engine speed and match it with the anticipated road speed in the lower gear. This helps to reduce drivetrain shock and minimize the risk of rear wheel instability during downshifts, especially when cornering or braking.
Practicing gear shifting in various riding conditions:
To become proficient in gear shifting, it's essential to practice in a variety of riding conditions, including city traffic, highways, and curves. In city traffic, focus on smooth clutch engagement and controlled throttle input to navigate stop-and-go traffic efficiently. On highways, practice maintaining a steady speed and smooth upshifting to maximize fuel efficiency and performance. In curves, practice downshifting to lower gears before entering the turn, using rev matching to maintain stability and control through the corner. By practicing gear shifting in different scenarios, you'll develop confidence and proficiency in handling various riding conditions effectively.
Chapter 5: Advanced Gear Shifting Techniques
Quick shifting: minimizing clutch usage for faster gear changes
Quick shifting is an advanced technique that involves minimizing the use of the clutch lever during gear changes, resulting in faster and more seamless shifts. To perform a quick shift, maintain steady throttle input while applying slight pressure to the gear shifter with your left foot. As the transmission momentarily disengages between shifts, use the quick shift function (if available) or preload the gear shifter by applying upward pressure before shifting up. This technique allows for rapid gear changes without fully engaging the clutch lever, enabling smoother acceleration and improved lap times, especially in racing or high-performance riding scenarios.
Skip shifting: skipping gears for quicker acceleration or deceleration
Skip shifting is another advanced technique used to accelerate or decelerate more rapidly by skipping gears during gear changes. Instead of shifting sequentially through each gear, riders can skip gears to reach the desired speed or engine RPM more efficiently. For example, when accelerating aggressively, riders may skip from first gear directly to third or fourth gear to maximize acceleration and reduce shifting time. Conversely, when decelerating rapidly, riders can downshift multiple gears at once to match engine speed with road speed more effectively. Skip shifting requires precise throttle control and clutch modulation to prevent drivetrain shock and maintain stability during gear changes.
Pre-loading the shifter for faster upshifts
Pre-loading the shifter is a technique used to reduce the time it takes to shift up through the gears by applying upward pressure to the gear shifter before initiating the shift. To pre-load the shifter, maintain steady throttle input while applying upward pressure to the gear shifter with your left foot. By pre-loading the shifter, you reduce the distance the gear shifter needs to travel during the shift, enabling faster and more responsive upshifts. This technique is commonly used in racing and high-performance riding scenarios to minimize gear change times and maintain maximum acceleration.
Trail braking and clutchless downshifting for improved cornering control
Trail braking and clutchless downshifting are advanced techniques used to improve cornering control and stability during aggressive riding maneuvers. Trail braking involves maintaining light brake pressure while entering a corner, shifting weight to the front wheel to improve traction and steering response. As the corner apex approaches, riders can perform clutchless downshifting by blipping the throttle to match engine speed with road speed while applying downward pressure to the gear shifter. This allows for smoother downshifts without fully engaging the clutch lever, enabling quicker and more precise gear changes while maintaining optimal cornering stability. Trail braking and clutchless downshifting require practice and finesse to master but can significantly enhance cornering performance and control.
Tips for maintaining smooth and precise gear shifts at high speeds
When shifting gears at high speeds, maintaining smooth and precise gear shifts is crucial for stability, control, and rider comfort. To achieve smooth gear shifts at high speeds, focus on maintaining a steady throttle input while applying light pressure to the gear shifter with your left foot. Avoid sudden or jerky movements, as they can destabilize the motorcycle and compromise control. Additionally, practice timing your gear changes to coincide with brief moments of reduced throttle input or neutral throttle zones to minimize drivetrain shock and ensure seamless gear engagement. With practice and attention to technique, riders can achieve smooth and precise gear shifts at high speeds, enhancing overall riding performance and enjoyment.
Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Gear Shifting Issues
Common gear shifting problems and their causes: slipping clutch, false neutrals, and gear grinding:
Gear shifting issues can arise due to various factors, including mechanical issues, improper technique, or wear and tear on transmission components. Slipping clutch occurs when the clutch fails to engage fully, resulting in a loss of power transmission and a decrease in acceleration. This can be caused by worn clutch plates, insufficient clutch cable tension, or oil contamination of the clutch plates. False neutrals are instances where the transmission fails to engage a gear properly, resulting in a neutral position despite the gear shifter being engaged. This can occur due to improper gear shifter adjustment, worn gear selector forks, or a misaligned shift drum. Gear grinding is characterized by harsh or noisy gear engagements, often accompanied by difficulty in shifting gears. This can be caused by mismatched gear speeds, improper clutch adjustment, or worn gear teeth.
Diagnosing and addressing clutch adjustment and wear issues:
Proper clutch adjustment is crucial for smooth and efficient gear shifting, as it ensures the clutch engages and disengages at the correct point during gear changes. If you experience slipping clutch or difficulty in shifting gears, start by inspecting the clutch cable for proper tension and adjustment. Adjust the clutch cable tension according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure smooth clutch operation. If the clutch cable tension is correct but issues persist, inspect the clutch plates and springs for wear and replace them if necessary. Additionally, check for oil contamination of the clutch plates, as this can also cause slipping clutch symptoms. Drain and replace the engine oil if contamination is present, and ensure the clutch assembly is clean and free of debris.
Tips for maintaining a healthy transmission system: regular inspection and maintenance:
To prevent gear shifting issues and ensure optimal performance of the transmission system, it's essential to perform regular inspection and maintenance. Inspect the gear shifter linkage, gear selector mechanism, and transmission oil level regularly to detect any signs of wear or damage. Lubricate the gear shifter pivot points and inspect the gear shifter for any signs of looseness or excessive play. Check the transmission oil for signs of contamination or metal particles, which may indicate internal transmission problems. Replace the transmission oil at regular intervals according to the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure proper lubrication and cooling of transmission components. Additionally, follow the manufacturer's recommended service intervals for clutch inspection and adjustment to maintain smooth and reliable operation.
Seeking professional help for complex gear-shifting problems:
If you encounter persistent gear shifting issues despite performing troubleshooting and maintenance, it may be necessary to seek professional help from a qualified motorcycle mechanic or technician. A professional mechanic can perform a thorough inspection of the transmission system, diagnose the root cause of the problem, and recommend appropriate repairs or adjustments. Complex transmission problems, such as worn gear teeth, damaged gear selector forks, or internal transmission damage, may require specialized tools and expertise to repair. By seeking professional assistance, you can ensure that the underlying cause of the gear shifting problem is addressed effectively, restoring the smooth and reliable operation of the transmission system.
Chapter 7: Gear Shifting Etiquette and Safety Tips
Importance of signaling intentions before changing lanes or making turns
Signaling intentions before changing lanes or making turns is crucial for alerting other road users to your intended actions and promoting safe and predictable riding behavior. Use your motorcycle's turn signals or hand signals to indicate your intentions well in advance of making any maneuvers. Check for clearances and blind spots before changing lanes or making turns, and ensure that other road users are aware of your intended movements to avoid potential accidents or collisions. By signaling your intentions clearly and effectively, you contribute to a safer and more orderly traffic environment for all road users.
Maintaining proper following distance to anticipate gear changes of other vehicles
Maintaining a proper following distance from other vehicles is essential for anticipating gear changes and responding effectively to changing traffic conditions. Leave a sufficient gap between your motorcycle and the vehicle in front to allow for adequate reaction time and braking distance. Anticipate gear changes of other vehicles by observing their speed and engine sound, and be prepared to adjust your speed and position accordingly. By maintaining a safe following distance, you can avoid rear-end collisions and ensure smoother traffic flow, especially in congested or stop-and-go traffic conditions.
Staying alert and focused on the road while shifting gears
Shifting gears requires focus and attention to ensure smooth and precise gear changes while maintaining awareness of your surroundings. Avoid distractions such as using electronic devices, adjusting controls, or engaging in conversations while riding. Keep your eyes on the road ahead and scan for potential hazards, road conditions, and traffic patterns. Anticipate upcoming gear changes and adjust your speed and position accordingly to maintain safe and smooth progress. By staying alert and focused on the road while shifting gears, you can react quickly to changing traffic conditions and maintain control of your motorcycle at all times.
Wearing appropriate riding gear for protection in case of accidents
Wearing appropriate riding gear is essential for protection in case of accidents or falls while riding. Invest in a quality helmet that meets safety standards and provides adequate protection for your head and face. Wear abrasion-resistant riding jackets, pants, gloves, and boots to protect your body from injuries in the event of a crash. Consider additional protective gear such as knee and elbow pads for added protection during off-road or high-speed riding. By wearing proper riding gear, you reduce the risk of injury and increase your chances of walking away from accidents or crashes with minimal harm.
Practicing defensive riding techniques to mitigate risks associated with gear-shifting errors
Defensive riding techniques are essential for mitigating risks associated with gear-shifting errors and ensuring safe and responsible riding behavior. Maintain a defensive riding posture by keeping both hands on the handlebars, with fingers covering the brake and clutch levers for quick response to emergencies. Scan the road ahead for potential hazards, including debris, potholes, and unpredictable road users. Anticipate potential gear-shifting errors by observing the behavior of other road users and adjusting your speed and position accordingly. By practicing defensive riding techniques, you can reduce the likelihood of accidents and minimize the impact of gear-shifting errors on your safety and well-being.
In conclusion, gear-shifting etiquette and safety tips are essential for promoting safe and responsible riding behavior and minimizing the risks associated with gear changes. By signaling intentions, maintaining a safe following distance, staying alert and focused on the road, wearing appropriate riding gear, and practicing defensive riding techniques, riders can enhance their safety and enjoyment while riding their motorcycles.
Mastering the art of shifting gears on a motorcycle is a skill that requires practice, patience, and a thorough understanding of the principles involved. By following the guidance provided in this comprehensive guide, riders of all levels can enhance their gear-shifting proficiency and enjoy a smoother, safer, and more enjoyable riding experience. Remember, consistent practice and attention to technique are the keys to becoming a proficient gear shifter on your motorcycle.
Ride Hard, Ride Safe!
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